Fluid apparatus



0L 14, 1947 A.. R. PARILLA Erm. I

FLUID APPARATUS Filed July 17, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Lge? @ab Oct. 14, 1947. A. R. PARILLA Er'Al. 2,423,809

FLUID APPARATUS Filed July 17, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ,43' Wpc? RTHUR R. PARILLA NT-H @NY PBT/ERS Patented Oct. 14, 194,7

Plrrrnl'rv OFFICE FLUID APPARATUS Arthur R. rai-ula, Dearborn, Mich., una Anthony Peters'l New York, N. Y.

" Application July 17, 1944, Serial No. 545,346

21 claims.A

This invention relates to fluid apparatus adapted to serve as a pump -or motor.

Wobble plate pumps or motors are customarily equipped with complex valves and timing mechanisms arranged at points externally of the cylinders and pistons. In accordance with the present i invention, it is proposed to rotate as well as reciprocate the pistons of such an apparatus,` the pistons serving to valve ports in their cylinders as they rotate. To balance thrust loads, and for otherpurposes which will become apparent to those skilled in the art, it is preferable to utilize a pair of pistons moving in opposite directions during the major portion of a cycle. However', to reduce negati-ve work and attain maximum eiliciency. it is desirable to havev the pistons operate n slightly out of phase for a portion of the cycle in some instances.

The pistons constituting a pair can be arranged coaxially, or,'where it is desired to reduce the rotatable with respect to their common housing,

the mass of rotating parts can be maintained low, resulting in reduced inertia loads during rapid acceleration.

The pump or motor of the present invention may be said to comprise a cylinder having inlet and outlet ports, a reciprocable and rotatable piston received in the cylinder, an inclined element relatively rotatable with respectto the cylinder and an inclined surface cooperating with the inclined element for rotating the piston as the relative rotation between the cylinder and inclined element occurs. A plurality of such cylinders, provided in pairs can be opposed or angularly offset, and a relatively rotatable wobble plate can cooperate with one piston of each such pair. The wobble plates can be arranged out of phase a desired amount to reduce the amount` ci negative work to a minimum consistent with eiiicient operation. Relative rrotation between the wobble plates and cylinders is attended by rotation of the pistons within their respective cylinders, by virtue of which, the cylinder ports areopened and closed in timed'relationship, the path of iiuid passing therethrough being determined by suitl (Cl. a-lsv) Figure 3 is a sectional elevationl of a modified form of construction; and l Figure 4 is a diagrammatic representation of the relationship ofelements in a construction of the type shown in Figure 3.

As represented in Figs', 1 and 2, a barrel l0 is provided with a pair of ports I I serving to admit and exhaust fluid;` the use of the device as a pump or motor determining which is an admission port and which is an exhaust port. These ports are indicated by broken lines in Fig. 1. The barrel l0 also contains equally spaced cylindrical bores l2 for the reception of cylinder sleeves I4 whose axes are equally spaced radially from a common center. Each cylinder sleeve ls provided with fluid ports i6 and I8 which register with annular channels 20 and 22, respectively. provided in the barrel. Those sleeves are made fast tothe barrel in any convenient manner to maintain the ports in desired registry channels.

Each sleeve receives a. pairof pistons 24 and 26 whose remote ends 28 and 3U are closed and inclined at a predetermined angle and whose proximate ends containjopposed counterbores 32 and 34. Intersecting these counterbores are transverse ports 3E and 38; respectively, formed through the piston walls. Rotation of the pistons during their reciprocation causes registration of the various 30 V with their respective ports to control the passage of iiuid to and from the variable chamber dll defined between'the opposed ends of the pistons.

The barrel lo is centrally bored to receive a shaft d2 ln suitable bearings 44, both ends of the shaft projecting beyond the barrel to receive wahble plates d8 and i8 keyed to the shaft by keys to. Near one -nd of the shaft there is provided an enlargement 52 dening a shoulder 54 against which one of the wabble plates abuts, the shaft terminating in a gear or splines 55 for engagement with a driving or driven instrumentality, depending upon the, use to'which the apparatus is for end-play and serves to draw the wobble plateshaft assembly together.

The ends of the barrel are threa caps 58 and 60 for enclosing the wobble plates. ,50 One of the caps 58 has a closed end, whereasthe other, dll, contains a perforation 62 through which y the splined or geared end of he shaft 42 projects. A counterbore B4 is formed in the cap 50 forreception of a sealing element 66 which engages the enlargement 52 near the end of the shaft.

Where the wobble plates 4'6 and 4,8 are mounted in phase with'one another, the two pistons in iany one cylinder will reciprocate symmetrically, reaching their dead-center positions simultane- 6o ously. Sealing the valve ports requires closing transverse ports with the corresponding cylinder put; The opposite end of the shaft is threadedk ded to receive one port before dead-center and opening the other after dead-center. Where reversible motor operation is desired, these distances or angles should beequal. Such an arrangement introduces a tendency to compress fluid trapped in the chamber 40 while both valves are closed, resulting in peak pressures against which the motor does negative work, reducing efficiency and promoting leakage. Moreover, there is no tendency for one .of the pistons to follow its wobble plate until uni-directional movement of the pistons near their inner dead-center positions, obviating the development of peak pressures, reducing the element of negative work and increasing efiiciency.

It will be noted that the counterbored pistons provide for a substantial amount of uid even when the pistons approach dead-center, thus limiting the compression ratio of the system. This counterboring also promotes a sealing tendency, since fluid'under pressure will tend to expand the piston skirt and provide an improved seal with respect to the cylinder sleeve.

With this out-of-phase operation, there is nor tendency of the pistons to dwell near the deadcenter and the inclined ends of the pistons will continuously tend to bear upon their respective wobble plates.

The modification shown in longitudinal section in Fig. 3, and supplemented diagrammatically by Fig. 4, comprises a construction embodying the same principles as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, but permits a reduced length of the apparatus. In Fig. 3, a barrel 10 contains inlet and outlet ports, not shown, similar to the ports Il of Fig. 1and a plurality of cylinder sleeves 12 into which are tted pistons 1 4. 'I'hese pistons are inclined at one end for engagement withone of the inclined wobble plates l5 and 'I8 which are secured to a shaft 89, which, together with the wobble plates, rotates with respect to the barrel. The head ends of the pistons are interconnected by a channel 82to produce an effect similar to that encountered where two pistons are arranged in a single cylinder. 'The pistons are provided'so with counterbores 84 as in the preceding case,v

intersected by ports 86 formed transversely through the piston walls for registry with ports` ates with a rshaft |02 which may drive orA be driven, depending upon use of the mechanism as a pump or a motor. In this modification, the pistons may be properly phased by properly ,spacing the cylinders angularly, without dephasing the wobble plates themselves. v

Rotation of the pistons in their cylinders is effected by their contact with the wobble plates andthe uid pressure which causes them to bear upon the'wobble plates. This eiect is produced by virtue ,of torsional moments produced to rotate the pistons should they tend to bind or for some other reason fail to rotate. It is clear that any 'failure 0f the pistons to rotate; as set forth, contact between them and the wobble plates wouldv be no longer uniformly distributed, but the effective center would shift from the piston axis to a point displaced therefrom. In the event of such shift, a torsional moment would be produced equal to the product of the extent of shift and the force component normal to the piston axis. Since the restoring force increases as a function of the distancev of thecenter of the applied force 4from the piston axis, lit follows that the end of the piston will tend to maintain its area of contact withthe wobble plate at a maximum.y

The foregoing description covers two construc-4 tions which are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it, since otherapplications f of the principles will occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should not be limited beyond the terms of the appended claims.

-We claim: i 1. Fluid apparatus comprising a cylinder having inlet and outlet ports. a reciprocable and rotatable piston tted in said cylinder and controlling atleast one of said ports, an inclined element relatively rotatable with respect to said cylinder, and an inclined surface provided for said piston and rotatable therewith forengagement with said element.

2. Fluid apparatus comprising a cylinder having inlet and outlet ports, opposed reciprocable and rotatable pistons fitted in s aid cylinder and controlling said ports, inclined elements relatively rotatable as a unit with respect to said cylinder, and inclined surfaces provided for said pistons and rotatable therewith for engagement with said elements respectively.

3. Fluid apparatus comprising a, plurality of cylinders having inlet and outlet ports, said cylinders having parallel axes, certain of which are equally radially displaced from a common center, a reciprocable and rotatable piston fitted in each cylinder and controlling said ports, an inclined element having an axis passing through said common center, said plate being relatively rotatable with respect to said cylinders, and an inclined surface provided for each of said pistons and rotatable therewith for engagement with said elements. A A

4. Fluid apparatus comprising a plurality of cylinders having inlet and outlet ports, said cylinders having parallel axes, certain of which are equally radially displaced from a common cen-4 ter, opposed` reciprocable and rotatable pistons tted in each -of said cylinders and controlling said ports, inclined elements having a common axis passing through said common center,- said elements beingrelati'vely rotatable as a unit with respect tofsaid cylinders, and inclined surfaces e provided for each of said pistons and rotatable therewith for engagement with said elements.

5. Fluid 'apparatus comprising a plurality of cylinders having parallel axes intersecting a perpendicular planeA on thecircumference of a circle, said cylinders having inlet and outlet ports,

opposed reciprocable and rotatable pistons iit'ted Vin each of said cylinders and controlling said ports, inclined elements mounted on a common shaft relatively rotatable with respect to said cylinders, and inclined surfaces provided for said pistons and rotatable therewith for `engagement with said elements, said elements being arranged in phase.

6. Fluid apparatusscomprising a plurality of v cylinders having par el axes intersecting a perpendicula'r plane on the circumference of a circle,

said cylinders having inlet and outlet ports; op-

posed reciprocable and rotatable pistons fitted in each of said cylinders and controlling said ports.- inclined elements mounted on a common shaft relatively rotatable with respect to said cylinders,

vand inclined surfaces L provided for said pistons and rotatable therewith for engagement with said elements, said elements being arranged out of phase.

'1. Fluid apparatus comprising an odd number 6 said cylinder for cooperation with said 918120118 inclined surfaces provided. for said pistons to en- Sage said wobble plates for rotation of said pisof cylinders having parallel alles intersecting a perpendicular plane on the circumference of a circle, said cylinders having inlet and outlet ports, opposed reciprocable and rotatable pistons fitted in each of said cylinders and controlling said ports, inclined elements relatively rotatable as a unit arranged at opposite ends of said cylinders and rotatable with respect to said cylinders, and inclined surfaces provided for the remote ends of said pistons for engagement with said elements.

8. Fluid apparatus comprising a plurality of cylinders having parallel axes intersecting a perpendicular plane on the circumference of a circle,

said cylinders having inlet and outlet ports, opposed reciprocable-and rotatable pistons tted in .each of said cylinders and controlling said ports, Ainclined elements relatively rotatable as a unit arranged at opposite ends of said. cylinders and and rotatable with respect to said cylinders, and inclined surfaces provided for the remote ends of said pistons for engagement with 4said elements,

`said elements being arranged to permit the opposed pistons of each cylinder to reciprocate in tons about their respective axes, and means provided by said pistons for controlling said ports,

said wobble plates being sufficiently out of phase to space the dead center positions'of said llis-l 13. Fluid apparatus comprising a cylinder hav-k ing inlet and outlet ports, a piston received insaid cylinder for rotation and reciprocation, one `end of said piston being inclined,'an inclined element for engagement with said inclined end, means rotatably mounting said element with respect to said cylinder, and means provided by said piston for controlling the passage of uid between said ports.

14. Fluid apparatus comprising a cylinder having inlet and outlet ports, opposed reciprocable to said cylinder, and inclined surfaces provided for saidpistons and rotatable therewith for engagement with said elements respectively.

opposite directions during a .major portion of a cycle.

9. A fluid pump comprising a plurality of cylinders having parallel axes intersecting a perpendicular plane on the circumference of a circle, said cylinders having inlet and outlet ports, re-

16. Fluidapparatus comprising a cylinder having inlet and outlet ports, opposed reciprocable and rotatable pistons fitted in said cylinder and controlling said portsby rotation and reciprocai tion, inclined elementsgrelati'vely rotatable as a ciprocable and rotatable pistons fitted in said cylinders and controlling said ports, inclined elements relatively rotatable as a unit arranged at opposite ends of said cylinders and rotatable with respect to said cylinders, inclined surfaces provided for said pistons for engagement with said elements, and a driving shaft for rotating said elements relatively with respect to said cylinders.

. ments relatively rotatable as a unit arranged at opposite ends of said cylinders and rotatablewith respect to said cylinders, inclined surfaces provided for said pistons for engagement with said elements, and an output shaft driven by relative rotation between said elements and said cylinders.

11. Fluid apparatus comprising al cylinder having inlet and outlet ports, opposed reciprocable and rotatable pistons tted in said cylinder. wobble plates relatively rotatable with respect to said cylinder for engagement with said pistons, inclined surfaces provided for said pistons to engage said wobble plates for rotation of said pistons about their respective axes, and means provided by saldpistons for controlling said ports.

12. Fluid apparatus comprising a cylinder having inlet and outlet ports, opposed reciprocable and rotatable pistonsI fitted in said cylinder,

lunit with respect to said cylinder, and inclined surfaces provided for said pistons and rotatable therewith for engagement with said elements respectively.

17. Fluid apparatus comprising a cylinder having inlet and outlet ports, opposed reciprocable and'rotatable pistons fitted in said cylinder each controlling one of said ports, inclined elements relatively rotatable as a unit with respect to said cylinder, and inclined surfaces provided for said pistons and rotatable therewith for' engagement with said elements respectively.

18. Fluid apparatus comprising a pair of communicating substantially coextensive cylinders having inlet and outlet ports, reciprocable and rotatable pistons tted in said cylinders and controlling said DOILS, inclined elements relatively rotatable as a unit with respect to said cylinders, and means connected with said pistons bearing upon said elements to effect rotation of said pistons during relative rotation ofsaid elements and cylinders.

19. Fluid apparatus comprising a cylinder having inlet and outlet ports, a reciprocable and r0- tatable piston received in said cylinder and controlling at least one of said ports, an .inclined element relatively rotatable with respect to said cylinder, and means provided for said piston bearing against said element for imparting rotation to said piston as result of relative rotation of said element.

20. Fluid apparatus comprising cylinders having inlet and outlet ports, lreciprocable and rotatable pistons fitted in said cylinders and controlling said ports by rotation, inclined elements relwobble plates relativelyrotatable with respect to .75 atively rotatable with respect to said cylinders,

' 7 1nd means provided for said pistons bearing against said elements for imparting rotation tuv said pistons as result of relative rotation oi said Number.

v man:.aimonsv crrEn The followingrreferences are ofv record vinthe le of .this patent: 1f s v v UNITED STATES PATENTS l ,I Name nDate 2,083,021 l `Iigh June 8, '1937 l n FOREIGN PATENTS Y Number Country Date i 383,005 'A Germany v V'- 1923 

